1. Particle / 조사
Korean postpositions are suffixes or short words in Korean grammar that immediately follow a noun or pronoun.
1) 은/는 : Used as a topic particle or a subject particle. 은 is used following a consonant, 는 is used following a vowel.
M: Who’s that?
M: I am Maru.
j eo s a r a 라 m eu n 믄 n u g u ye yo
j eo n eu n m a r u ye yo
2) 이/가 : Used as an identifier particle or a subject particle. 이 is used following a consonant, 가 is used following a vowel.
M: What is your name?
Y: I am getting married next month.
i r eu 르 m i 미 m wo ye yo
j e g a d a eu m d a 다 r e 레 g yeo l h o n h ae yo
3) 을/를 : Used as an object particle. 을 is used following a consonant, 를 is used following a vowel.
Y: I’m cleaning up the kitchen.
M: Where are you cleaning up?
b u eo 어 k eu l 클 ch eo ng s o h ae yo
eo d i r eu l ch eo ng s o h ae yo
4) 과/와 : Translates to “and” (conjunction), “with” or “as with” (preposition). 과 is used following a consonant, 와 is used following a vowel.
Y: I have dinner at home with my family.
Y: I walk the dog.
j i 지 b e 베 s eo g a j o k kk wa 꽈 h a m kk e m eo 머 g eo 거 yo
g a ng a j i wa s a n ch ae 채 g eu l 글 h ae yo
5) 의 : Functions as possession indicator, noun link, topic marker.
Y: It’s Roi’s bag.
i g eo n r o i ui g a b a ng i e yo
6) 에 : Used for any words relating to time or place.
M: See you later.
d a eu 으 m e 메 tt o m a n n a yo
7) 에서 : Translates to “from” when used with a motion verb. May also be used as “at”, “in” when used with an action verb which is not motion related.
M: What are you doing in Korea?
h a n g u 구 g e 게 s eo m wo h ae yo
8) 으로/로 : Used to mark the instrumental case, which can also denote destination or role. 으로 is used following a consonant other than ‘ㄹ’, which is abbreviated to 로 following a vowel or a consonant ‘ㄹ’.
Y: Turn left at the corner.
M: Where are you going for your trip?
g eo g i s eo oe n jj o 쪼 g eu 그 r o d o s e yo
eo d i r o g a l kk eo 꺼 ye yo
9) 도 : Used as an additive particle. When dealing with additive qualities/descriptions of the same subject, 또한 is used.
Y: Nice to meet you, too.
j eo d o m a n n a s eo b a n g a wo yo
10) 에게/한테 : Used as a dative particle. 에게 is the literary form, and 한테 is the colloquial form.
M: Say hi to Roi for me.
Y: It was a gift from my friend…
r o i e g e a n b u j eo n h ae j u s e yo
ch i n g u h a n t e s eo n m u l b a 바 d eu n 든 u s a 사 n i n 닌 d e
11) 께 : 께 is the honorific dative marker.
M: We have ceremonies to pay respect to our ancestors and eat various dishes and rice cake soup.
a ch i 치 m e 메 j o s a ng n i m kk e ch a r ye r eu l j i n ae g o yeo r eo g a j i eu m s i k kk wa 꽈 tt eo k kk u 꾸 g eu l 글 m eo 머 g eo 거 yo
12) 만 : Translates to “only”, used after a noun.
M: One second. I’ll help you when I am done with this work.
j a m kk a n m a 마 n yo 뇨 i i l m a n kk eu n 끈 n ae g o d o wa j u l kk e 께 yo
Reference : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_particles
2. Ending / 어미
Coming Soon