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[Assistant-verb] ~아/어/여야 하다/되다 (have to/must)

"~아/어/여야 하다/되다" means "have to" or "must". According to the word stem of the verb/adjective, "아/어/여야" follows it. "하다" and "되다" can be replaced freely. "열시까지 …

[Connective-ending] ~기 전에 (before ~ing)

"전" means "before" and can be used after a noun. We can add "~기 전에" after a verb stem to say "before doing something". "밥 먹기 전에 손을 씻어라." is "Wash your hands before meal.",…

[Connective-ending] ~지만 (even)

"~지만" sometimes means "even thoguh". You admit that the former part of the sentence is true, and the latter part is contrary to that. "김치는 맵지만, 나는 김치를 아주 좋아합니다…

[Connective-ending] ~지만 (but)

"~지만" is a connective word meaning "but". It comes after the word stem of a verb/adjective. It connects two sentences whose meanings are contrary. "나는 감자는 좋아하지만 양파는 싫…

[Connective-ending] ~기 때문에 (because)

The meaning and usuage of "~기 때문에" are similar to those of "~아/어서" and "~(으)니까". However, it has stronger meaning than the other two, and it is usaully used in formal situation or …

[Connective-ending] ~니까/으니까 (because)

"~(으)니까" often suggests the speaker's subjective feeling or thought as a cause or reason. It is follwed by a result, usually in the form of suggestion/advice/order. When you want to say only the…

[Connective-ending] ~아/어서 (because)

"~아/어서" often suggests a cause or reason which is general and objective. The result can be added at the end. When you want to say only the cause/reason without repeating the result in casual con…

[Ending] ~ㅆ~ (did)

When the word stem ends in 'ㅏ' and has no last consonant, 'ㅏ' + '았' becomes 'ㅏ' + 'ㅆ'. When the word stem ends in 'ㅗ' and has not last consonant, 'ㅗ' + '았' becomes 'ㅘ' + 'ㅆ'. "…

[Ending] ~았/었/였~ (did)

When "~았/었/였~" is added to a verb or an adjective, it implies the past tense. When the last vowel of the verb/adjective stem is 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ', we use '았'. When the last vowel is other than '…

[Ending] ~ㄹ게요/으게요 (will)

Similar to "~겠~" , "~ㄹ게요/으게요" can also imply speaker's will or intention. When the verb stem ends in a consonant, we add ~을게요". When the verb stem ends in a vowel, we add "–ㄹ…

[Ending] ~겠~ (must)

We use "~겠~" in order to indicate the speaker's guess or conjecture. "내일은 날씨가 굉장히 덥겠어." is "It will be extremely hot tomorrow.", "이 김치 엄청 맵겠어요." is "This K…

[Ending] ~겠~ (will)

We use "~겠~" after a verb/adjective stem when making a future tense. It can imply the speaker's will or intention to do something. We also use "~겠~" in a question form to ask the listener about hi…

[Interrogative] 어느 + (명사) (which)

When there are several choices and you want the listener to choose one, you can use "어느". "세 가지 색깔 중에서 어느 색이 제일 좋습니까?" is "Of the three colors, which do you li…

[Interrogative] 어떤 + (명사) (what)

when asking about the characteristics, status, etc. about somebody/something, you can use "어떤". "그는 어떤 사람입니까?" is "What is he like? What kind of person is he?"

[Interrogative] 무슨 + (명사) (what)

We use "무슨" when we are not sure what something is. "무슨 노래지? 전에 들어본 적 있는데." is "What song is this? I've heard of it before."